The Governments and States of Locke, Aquinas, and St. Augustine Essay e

In John Lockes Second Treatise of Government, he identifies a government that is of the peoples fancy with his essential raison d&900tre being the preservation and protection of personal property. This type of government is extremely comparable with the type of government that St. Augustine describes in his work metropolis of God, while at the same time contrasts the views of Aquinas in the ways a arouse should operate. The end goal of how each of these philosophers states purposes presents the greatest split surrounded by each of their philosophies. To understand how each of these philosophers states are similar and incompatible from each other, a deeper analysis is necessary. The first and possibly most striking similarity amid the states that both Locke and St. Augustine propose lies in the fact that both see the state as a necessary disgust. Locke describes the perfect vivification as one in the state of nature, where there are limitless boundaries to freedom. Within thes e limitless boundaries to do whatever you want lays the ability for others to do harm to you and your property, because they have bonk freedom as well. In order to overcome this lack of security, Locke describes the state as a necessary evil which one must give up certain freedoms in order to be saved under the rule of law. This is similar to St. Augustine in the respect that within the world there are evil men who will do harm to others. Augustine argues that laws are necessary to make sure that people can live with the peace of mind that they are protected from the sins of others.One of the contrasting points the states of Aquinas and Locke possess is rooted in how each state should set up and decide their laws. Aquinas argues that we should set up our laws found on high morals, which all men could agree on, and on the high nonsuchs of natural law. Locke disagrees with this in the respect that all men are Tabula Rasa, which begin life as blank slates and develop their views and ideas based on the experiences they are exposed to. According to Locke the men in the state of Aquinas would all have different experiences and place importance on different morals and ideals. Therefore, Locke argues that in order to have a legitimate set of laws, they must be based on very solid foundations which cannot be subject to assembly line. Such foundations would be the protection of property, as well as the ... ...ant to be told that there is only one discrepancy of right and wrong, which is exactly what the opposing state proposes. Examples of the type of state that Aquinas and St. Augustine present can be seen in some of the failed regimes of the past century. Prime examples of states that try to strive for the better good of its people, and failed, can be seen in both Nazi Germany and communist Russia. These states attempted to take each individual and force them into an ideal mold of what they wanted their citizens to become. Even though these societies succeeded f or some amount of time, both have since collapsed and states in the Lockean from have arose out of their ashes.As aforementioned, both of the types of states presented have intemperate and weak points to ponder on. Both have rose to power at one point in time or another, although the Lockean state has remained where others have fallen. Overall, an argument can be made that in our modern world with globalization and a never ending mixing of cultures the only way for a state to succeed is to put ideological ideals behind and look to protect the greater good by looking out for the peace, safety, and public good of its people.

Community Supported Agriculture Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Pape

Community Supported AgricultureIn the past few decades, Christians fork over gradually and increasingly acknowledged that human kin to the natural world should be included in theology. However, this theology has still enjoyed only limited development and acceptance (Cobb 82). Humanity needs to further its grounds of itself as an integral constituent of creation, rather than seeing itself as above, below or outside creation. According to the prophetic tradition of the Hebrew Bible, humanity is an inextricable part of nature. In the Genesis creation story, God forms humans (adam) from humus (adamah), making them true earth-creatures (Guengerich 15). Because God created all things, all things in the world be in relationship, both human and non-human. When Christians realize their oneness with creation, they need to develop and practice an ethical response to ecology as well as a theological one. Such an ethic of ecojustice grows directly out of a theology that takes the natural worl d into full consideration. James Martin-Schramms 1996 essay Toward an Ethic of EcoJustice provides a encouraging framework for understanding a Christian ethical response to creation.Martin-Schramm says ecojustice is closely tied to the concepts of equity and distributive justice (209). He identifies four moral norms of ecojustice that have been discussed by the World Council of Churches in its assemblies since 1975 sustainability, sufficiency, participation and solidarity (Martin-Schramm 209). All four principles have roots in Christian theology.Sustainability is concerned with the long-term and holistic survival of the major planet and its populations, including humans. It means that immediate economic growth is less important than deve... ...e Press, 1987.Logsdon, Gene. At Natures Pace Farming and the American Dream. New York Pantheon Books, 1994.Martin-Schramm, James. Toward an Ethic of EcoJustice. Paul T. Jersild, et al ed. chaste Issues and Christian Response. 6th ed. Fort W orth Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998.Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides. Eugene, Ore. Online. Internet. http//www.efn.org/ncap.Platt, LaVonne Godwin. Responding to our Rural Crisis. LaVonne Godwin Platt, ed. Hope for the Family Farm trust God and care for the land. Newton, Kansas Faith and emotional state Press, 1987.Van En, Robyn, Liz Manes and Cathy Roth. Community Supported Agriculture of North America at the University of Massachusetts Extension. What is Community Supported Agriculture and How Does It Work? 29 July, 1997. Online. Internet. http//www.umass.edu/umext/csa/about.html.

The Alamo :: Essays Papers

THE ALAMO In San Antonio in early 1836, 6,000 Mexicans marched to The Alamo to fight a groups of Texas of 187 strong, They were led by Colonel William B. Travis. During 10 days of fighting, the Mexicans climbed over the walls of The Alamo., to defeat the Texans they killed a woman . her baby, and a slave were killed. Among the dead were frontiers men Davy Crockett and the Bowie brothers. Following, is a description of how the Alamo fell.On February 24, 1836 Colonel Travis wrote a letter requesting aid in his own mitt to all the people of Texas and all Americans. It was carried to Gonzales by Captain Albert Martin, It was first delivered upon his arrival on the Feb 25th to Smithers. Who then carried it on the San Felipe on the Feb. 27th.His letter explained the difficulty him and his men were having defending The Alamo against Santa Anna and his men. At the end of the letter he explains that if they do not receive aid, then they will fight till VICTORY OR DEATH. He also explains that, to this point, no men has anomic his life. Following is an exact replica of his writing.COLONEL TRAVIS LETTER Commandancy of the AlamoBexar, Fby. 24th, 1836 To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World Fellow Citzens & Compatriots---I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna---I have sustained a continual Bombardment & cannonade for 24 hours & have not lost a man---The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion , otherwise, the garrison be to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken---I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, & our flag still waves proudly from the walls---I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism, & everything dear to the American character, to come are tour aid, with all dispatch---The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily & will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four of volt days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due(p) to his own honor & that of his country.

Essay --

Exercise 11.2 Learning about PoliciesFor this assignment, utilizing the resources given in this exercise as well as the information I gathered from the IT department where I used to work the following are my analysisMy analysis in regards to credentials Policy is that some(prenominal) organization it is, its important to implement a sound protection policy that defines what is permitted and what is not. The security policy boils down to outlining the acceptable use of the companys computer, internet, email, and any expression of the system. It involves practices that reduce the risk of getting information into the wrong hands or preventing unwanted programs or individuals from disrupting service. This can be achieved three ways One, Physical security by limiting access to a companys computer or networking device by housing critical device in a secured area. Second, Hardware Security which is network devices such as router & firewall that has a built in virus scanner or access rul e. Rules which define the list of what activities or programs is allowed and not allowed and thirdly, employment ...

Personal Narrative: The First Time I Got Stitches :: essays research papers

I was about ten years old and in the fifth grade. My mother had just picked me up from instruct that day and had bought me some delicious popcorn. I could not wait to get home to pop my popcorn, and we lived all the port in Rose Hill, Alabama. I was getting pretty restless by the time we got home.So we got home and I went directly to the big, black microwave. I put it in, and began pressing the buttons. It was popping and popping, and the buttery whole step was getting to me. My mother said that she had to go to the rear for a second and that I was not to take out the popcorn until she got back.Time drug belatedly by as I was waiting and waiting, growing more and more impatient. The anticipation was more than I could stand, I disobeyed and got the popcorn out anyway. I open up the popcorn very slowly. The steam came gushing out and burnt the tips of my fingers, face, and neck. I quickly dropped the popcorn. It hit the floor and went everywhere. I quickly began to eat the popc orn and determined I needed to put it all in a bowl.I searched for a bowl, and the best I could find was on the very top ledge of the cabinet. I opened the bottom cabinet door and slowly climbed my way up the cabinet and onto the counter top. I reached the bowls and carefully lifted the dickens bowls that were on top of my bowl. I took my bowl down and arranged everything back in perfect order. I began thinking about the best way to get down. The best way down was the way I came up. I carefully pulled the bottom cabinet door closed, and with my bowl in my hand, I jumped. I did not make it to the floor. My feet were oddly dangling and did not touch the floor. I had a sharp pain in the left side of my butt. The cabinet take had gotten pushed through the bottom of my butt cheek. I called for my mothers help and she told me to hold on for a second. She was still in the bathroom and thought a bee stung me. I put my hands on top of the counter and lifted and away from the cabinet. I r an as fast as I could towards the bathroom with a trail of bright red blood behind me.

Personal Narrative: The First Time I Got Stitches :: essays research papers

I was about ten years old and in the fifth grade. My mother had just picked me up from school that day and had bought me some delicious popcorn. I could not wait to get home to pop my popcorn, and we lived all the way in Rose Hill, Alabama. I was getting pretty restless by the time we got home.So we got home and I went directly to the big, black microwave. I put it in, and began pressing the buttons. It was popping and popping, and the greasy smell was getting to me. My mother said that she had to go to the bathroom for a second and that I was not to take out the popcorn until she got back.Time medicine slowly by as I was waiting and waiting, growing more and more impatient. The anticipation was more than I could stand, I disobeyed and got the popcorn out anyway. I opened the popcorn very slowly. The steam came gushing out and burnt the tips of my fingers, face, and neck. I quickly dropped the popcorn. It hit the floor and went everywhere. I quickly began to eat the popcorn and de cided I needed to put it all in a bowl.I searched for a bowl, and the exceed I could find was on the very hand shelf of the console table. I opened the bottom cabinet door and slowly climbed my way up the cabinet and onto the counter top. I reached the bowls and carefully upraised the two bowls that were on top of my bowl. I took my bowl down and arranged everything back in perfect order. I began thinking about the best way to get down. The best way down was the way I came up. I carefully pulled the bottom cabinet door closed, and with my bowl in my hand, I jumped. I did not make it to the floor. My feet were oddly dangling and did not touch the floor. I had a sharp pain in the left side of my butt. The cabinet handle had gotten pushed through the bottom of my butt cheek. I called for my mothers help and she told me to hold on for a second. She was still in the bathroom and archetype a bee stung me. I put my hands on top of the counter and lifted and away from the cabinet. I r an as fast as I could towards the bathroom with a trail of bright red blood behind me.

History of football Essay

Foot swelling as well as rugby and association foot lummox are believed to have descended from the ancient Greek game of harpaston. Harpaston is mentioned frequently in Greco-Roman literature. where it is often referred to as a very rough and brutal game. The rules of this ancient bluster were quite simple Points were awarded when a player would cross a close line by either iron boot the ball, running with it across the goal line, or throwing it across the line to another player. The other squads aim was simply to stop them by any means possible.There was no specific field length, no side line boundaries, no specified snatch of players per team, only a glaring lack of rules. Most modern versions of football are believed to have originated from England in the twelfth century. The game became so universal in England that the kings of that time (Henry II and Henry IV) actually banned football. They believed that football was taking away interest from the traditional sports of E ngland, such as fencing and archery. Walter camping site Walter mob was born April 17, 1859, in New Haven, Connecticut.He attended Yale from 1876 to 1882, where he studied medicine and business. Walter plurality was an author, athletic director, chairman of the board of the New Haven clock Company, and director of the Peck Brothers Company. He was general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888-1914, and chairman of the Yale football committee from 1888-1912. Camp played footba ll at Yale and helped evolve the rules of the game away from Rugby and Soccer rules into the rules of American Football as we know them today.One precursor to Walter Camps influence was William Ebb Ellis, a student at the Rugby School in England. In 1823, Ellis was the first person noted for picking up the ball during the soccer game and running with it, thereby breaking and changing the rules. In 1876, at the Massosoit convention, the the first attempts at writing d own the rules of American football were made. Walter Camp edited every American Football rulebook until his death in 1925.Walter Camp contributed the following changes from Rugby and Soccer to American football one side retained undisputed possession of the ball, until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violations the line of scrimmage 11 on a team instead of 15 created the quarter-back and center positions forward pass standardized the scoring system, numerical scoring created the safety, interference penalties, and the neutral zone tackling as low as the knee was permitted 1888 a touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to trey points 1912.The NFL or the National Football League, was formed in 1920 soccor/football Soccer is one of the most popular sports in Europe and the Americas. It has a vivid and interesting history in the world of sports. Early evidence of soccer being played as a sport finds occurrence in China during the 2nd a nd 3rd centuries BC. In China, it was during the Han dynasty that people dribbled leather balls by the boot it into a small net. Recorded facts too support the fact that Romans and Greeks used to play ball for fun and frolic. Some facts point to Kyoto in Japan where kicking of ball was a popular sport.It is said that early growth of the modern soccer started in England. Some amusing facts even mention that the first ball used was the head of some Danish brigand. It is said that during medieval times, the old form of soccer used to allow many ill practices like kicking, punching, caustic and gouging. The main aim was to carry the ball to a target spot. People grew so fond of the game that they would throng the field all day long. sometimes the competition grew fierce and masses got so wild that there were frequent incidents of violence during the game.It is also said that soldiers admired the game so much that they bemused archery practice to watch it office Edward III banned so ccer in 1365 owing to the growing incidents of violence and military indulgence in the sport. In 1424 King James I of Scotland also proclaimed in the Parliament Na man play at the Fute-ball No man shall play football When and where but did soccer start is a question that has no precise answer to it. You can easily say that this popular game has been played for more than three thousand years. The nativity of modern-day soccer must be credited to Britain.It was also known as the association football, with Scotland and England being the co-founders of the systematic game of soccer. newfangled History of Soccer 18th Century onwards In 1815, a major development took place that made soccer popular in Universities, Colleges and Schools. The popular English School and Eton College came forth with a set of rules, known as the Cambridge Rules. Football was segregated into two groups some colleges and schools opted for Rugby rules that allowed tripping, shin kicking and also carrying the bal l. These rules were exclusively prohibited as per the Cambridge rules.The history of modern-day soccer was established in 1863. In October 1863, eleven representatives from London clubs and schools met at the Freemasons tap house to set up common fundamental rules to control the matches amongst themselves. The outcome of this meeting was the formation of the Football Association. In December 1863, the Rugby Football and Association football finally split as the supporters of the Rugby School rules walked out. Firmly establishing the foundation of soccer in 1869, the Football Association strictly banned any good-hearted of handling of the ball.Soccers popularity spread rapidly during the 1800s as British sailors, traders and soldiers introduced the sport to antithetical parts of the globe. Italians, Austrians and Germans drew to Europe, while Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil adopted the sport in South America. FIFA was established in the year 1904 and by early 1930s, different leagues were operating from various countries. FIFA is credited with organizing the first world cup in Uruguay. The history of soccer is rich with events, development and its growing craze all over the world.You will find yourself amazed as you learn about different times of this wonderful sport that has held our awe and admiration for over 3000 years. why is soccer called football The game that the rest of the world calls football or the attractive game goes by a different name in the United States and Canada soccer. Americans adopted the name soccer after almost 100 years of playacting this game under the name football. The games history and development provides important clues about the use of the word soccer to identify the game in the countries that do not call it football.

Adrift In A Moral Sea: Should We Help The Needy?

In his article, Hardin presents a compelling argument why we should non attend to the needy we nookienot afford it. And by on the whole means, I moderate with Mr. Hardin. The bottom line is it is not in our interests to help the needy.It may be that sympathetic commonwealths hearts ar bleeding with the fact that 790 million of the populations population is chronically undernourished and starving when all over the adult male it is standard procedure for stores to routinely dispose provender that they were not able to sell for the day. We see them in pictures or news clips the poor in Africa longing under the sun, the hungry children in Asia going through the piles of garbage looking for intellectual nourishment.We feel sorry for them, exactly we are happy we are not them, that by some contingent force we ended up being born in a wealthy country. We may want to send them fare and clothing and other parcels with wishes of peace and love, but if we really want to help them, then I think we should give them what they really need.Most of the needy answer from developing and in-transition countries, whose histories are characterized by civil wars, revolutions and struggles for freedom from colonizers, then struggles for freedom from tyrants and whose financial records show glaring foreign debt. The World Bank recorded that for e really dollar that the developing world receives in grants, it pays $13 for debt servicing.In the Jubilee Year of 2000, Pope John Paul II called for the cancellation of all foreign debts so that the poorer nations can focus on rebuilding and strengthening their economies and governments and providing services to their the great unwashed rather than being harassed to pay their foreign debt that they acquired because of the colonization trend (and almost all developed countries had colonies), and of the two World Wars which they were mere casualties of.It seems to me then that if we really are serious about helping the poor, then we should not be giving them food or grants we should be repaying them for ravaging their natural resources and enslaving their ancestors, for subjecting their nations to the highest form of discrimination and robbing them of their rights, and for destroying their lands and lives with our selfish wars. And the payments should be adjusted as per inflation and with interest.Of course, no one will agree to that. If we did not let the Jubilee Year weaken our resolve, why now? If we cannot level admit our mistake at Vietnam and apologize, why should we humble ourselves before the poor of the world, even if they are the majority? Let us think of the food program and the foreign assistance to other nations as our way of making it up to them.That is the outflank that we can do, since handing over our wealth is out of the question. The thing is, even with the food program, there is hardly any improvement in the hunger problem, and even with the grants the poorness levels and the populat ion issues remain. In The State of Food Insecurity in the World, it is acknowledged that there have been significant improvement in agriculture technology and by all means, there is more food than ten years ago. But the problem of hunger persists because there are adequate infrastructures and mechanisms roads, shipping systems to deliver the food to people.There is a vicious cycle of hunger, poverty and overpopulation, but do we solve their problem? According to the Population Reference Bureau, the less developed world has on average a population growth rate of 1.5 compared to the .1 of the more developed world. Apparently, high mortality rates, the lack of food and adequate resources are not stopping them from producing offspring. In Darwins survival of the fittest, they seem to be doing just fine. I may be accused of being simplistic in my argument, but the needy have governments, and more than that, they have their own minds.They should know by now that there is not enough food where they are, there are very few opportunities, and so if they wanted to help themselves maybe they should focus more on looking for food and work than having babies. If their governments cannot take care of them, should ours do? Presently, we are facing our own social security issues why would we want to trouble our government with providing for other people when there is an impending danger that we might not be having enough for the future? And why even dwell on the hunger in Africa when in our country there are hungry, homeless people?As Hardin pointed out, there is not enough space in the lifeboat. Either they make their own lifeboat, or they learn to swim to an island, what is important is that they should do something rather than just accept their fate of drowning just because the metaphor says so. It is a battle of survival, of preserving interests. If helping the needy will not cost anything and even placate our deterrent example sensitivities, then we will help them. Bu t as it turns out, we cannot afford to feed the millions of hungry people. Everything that we give them we take from our future stock, from that which we hope to give to ourselves in our senior age, to our children and to our grandchildren. And when faced with giving to strangers or looking after our own families, nobody is the Good Samaritan.WORKS CITED2005 Human Development Report, United Nations Development Programme globular Development Finance, World Bank, 1999The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Italy Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006.

Ethics in Social Work

In psychology and amicable work, dual familys and clinical boundaries be often common. They ar often unclear and most times the master key has a difficult time noticing them developing. estimable dilemmas are found in every last(predicate) professions, but are often different in type and solutions. They are stiff to identify and even harder to make a clear decision. Dual relationships and clinical boundaries are one of the biggest ethical dilemmas friendly social occasion players face because of the difficulties of finding the line between the professional role and the empathetic role a social histrion plays. complaisant work is a profession that overhauls to solve complex human problems and create a more just and caring society. One of the foundations of social work is the localize on the strengths, as opposed to the shortcomings, of individuals, families and communities so that creative solutions for complex social problems set up be found. The profession is charact erized by a steadfast commitment to social justice in the service of empowering individuals, families and communities to meet their impoverishments. Few professions offer many different types of employment opportunities.Social workers serve as counselors, in adoption, domestic violence, rehabilitation, hospice, mental health, youth, society development workers, public policy analysts, global corrects workers and in juvenile and adult justice systems, just to name a few. However, the main melodic phrase of a social worker, however, is to help the lymph gland to reach a more stable environment, but to go somewhat it a specific way dependent on the job the social worker held. Each job might come with different ethical problems, but social workers provoke to follow a strict enactment of ethics that have guidelines to help them make the correct decisions.The NASW, National connexion of Social Work, is the largest group of professional social workers. It is the group that wrote t he NASW code of ethics, which are followed by all social workers across the United States (NASW, 2008). Ethics are the underlying rules put in place to help society better function. Usually, they are hard to identify and can be interpreted in many different ways. Each person has their own ethical standards, which is why its necessary to have ethical codes that make it more general and help each professional make his or her own ethical decision.Ethics play a huge role into social work. Without an ethical background or a code of ethics it could prostitute not solo a client, but in any case the social worker himself. The biggest struggle that comes along with ethics is the fact that each individual usually interprets them differently. Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to right and wrong that advise what humans should do, in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics can refer to those standards that make humans refrain from rape , stealing, murder, assault, slander, and fraud.Ethical standards also include ideals relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of ones ethical standards. As mentioned above, feelings, laws, and social norms can deviate from what is ethical in that locationfore it is necessary to constantly render ones standards to ensure that they are reasonable. The NASW Code of Ethics was written to serve as a guide to the everyday professional conduct of social workers. It includes four sections.The first section, Preamble, summarizes the social work professions mission and core values. The stand by section, Purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics,provides an overview of the Codes main functions and a brief guide for dealing with ethical telephone numbers or dilemmas in social work practice. The third section,Ethical Principles, presents broad ethical principles, based on social works core values, that inform social work practice. The final section, Ethical Standards,includes specific ethical standards to guide social workers conduct and to provide a basis for adjudication.The Code of Ethics, as used today, was approvedby the 1996 NASW Delegate throng and revised by the 1999 NASW Delegate Assembly. (NASW, 2008) The NASW code of ethics is used to help guide social workers when it comes to making ethical decisions in the field. It is used to help deliver every healer and client the same treatment and ethical decisions. Usually, each profession has a different code of ethics due to the fact that each profession has a diverse set of ethical issues that come with it.Dual relationships or multiple relationships are interactions in which a client is treating a patient, but is also interacting with them in some other way. It can also be if a therapist is in a professional role with a person and promises to autograph into another relationship in the future with that person or someone sloshedly related to the individual. Dual roles refer to two different roles and multiple roles are when more than two overlapping roles exist. For example if a therapist is treating their childs teacher, their childs friend, having sexual relations with the client, or are close to the client in some way.Dual relationships are against the APA ethics code and can cause harm to the patient in some cases. A therapist should neer work with people who he or she might have to interact with on a causal level instead of a patient-therapist level, not only for the patients confidentiality, but also to help keep the therapist from giving preferential treatment (Barnett, Vasquez, Moorehead-Slaughter, Johnson, 2007) Dual relationships can also allow a therapist to misuse their power and influence. The practitioner is in a position to exploit the client for his or her own personal gain.The problem of the dual relationships and the second relationship, the counselor is no w susceptible to other pursuances (personal, financial, or social) that he or she may put before the best sakis of the client. Problems that arise usually occur when the professional boundaries are not clear to begin with. Therefore, boundaries should be included as part of the intake paperwork. The wording should be clear and specifically state the therapists intentions. The therapist-client relationship is one that does not permit contact in a casual manner outside the therapy session.This includes work relationships, social conversations or any type of romanticistic or sexual contact. The therapist can state something about not giving personal information to a client, as there is no need for them to know this kind of thing. If the client signs the consent form, a contract is in effect and should not be breached by either party. Not only does the therapist have to gauge the client and the way he or she processes things, but also what the client could take inappropriate.Althoug h it may seem appropriate in a therapists affections it could be inappropriate in the clients eyes and vice versa. (Syme, 2003) The therapist has to keep a close eye on their actions and make sure their client is not seeing it differently than they are. There are three factors that counselors should consider. First, there is a greater risk of harm when the expectations of client and counselor are mismatched. When clients have one set of assumptions about the ground rules of the relationship, and the professional has a different set of assumptions, there is an increased befall of susceptibility.Another factor is that there is potential for divided loyalties and an associated loss of objectivity. Counselors who have personal, social or business relationships with their clients, are at risk because their self-interest may be involved and thus compromise the clients best interest. Finally, by the very nature of the counselor/client relationship, clients are more dependent, have less a uthority and are vulnerable. Due to this power differential, it is the responsibility of the professional to ensure that the client in the relationship is not harmed.One key feature of boundary issues is a conflict of interest that harms clients. Conflicts of interest occur when professionals find themselves in a relationship that could prejudice or give the appearance of prejudicing their decision-making. Thus a counselor who provides services to a client with whom he would like to develop a sexual relationship faces a conflict of interest the professionals personal interests collide with his or her professional duty to ward off harming his or her client. Zur, American Psychological Association, 2007) Social workers should be alert to and avoid conflicts of interest that interfere with the exercise of professional free will and impartial judgment. Social workers should also inform clients when a real or potential conflict of interest arises and take reasonable steps to resolve th e issue in a manner that makes the clients interests primary and protects clients interests to the greatest extent possible. In some cases, protecting clients interests may require termination of the professional relationship with strait-laced referral of the client (standard 1. 6a), NASW, 2008). The code goes on to say that social workers should not engage in dual or multiple relationships with clients or former clients in which there is a risk of exploitation or potential harm to the client (standard 1. 06c, NASW, 2008). While treating someone in therapy, a counselor has to be careful about how their patient is going to interpret their actions and words. When a patient is in therapy, a lot of times they dont have anyone around to support them and help them overcome their obstacles.That organism said, its the job of the therapist to be that person for their client and help them to succeed. As a client gets closer to his or her therapist, sometimes the slightest of things can be ta ken in the wrong way. For example, as trust is reinforced the slightest of things can trigger a client to see their therapist in a different light. As a counselor, a pat on the back, hand touch, ect can seem like nothing to you, but to the client can seem like a sexual advance. This an be detrimental to a client and can break all the trust the therapist had built up, putting the patient back to the beginning of the process (Smith, Fitzpatrick, 1995) When the psychologist and the patient develop an extracurricular relationship, this dual relationship can threaten the psychologists ability to act impartially as a therapist and the patients ability to receive proper treatment in their vulnerable state. If psychologists are not held accountable to prevent this type of behavior, they can harm the reputation of all clinical psychologists.Personal relationships imply a bias and the private relationship can cross over into therapy and treatment. The term conflict of interest applies to dual relationships because no matter how objective a psychologist tries to be, their own emotions may taint their trained perceptions. Conflict of interest can be applied to a variety of situations, such as the psychologist should not treat a family member or close friend due to the possibility of favoritism or being non-objective, and could interfere with the treatment being given and received.The psychological ethical codes clearly prohibit the interaction of a personal relationship between the psychologist and the client. Dual relationships and clinical boundaries are one of the biggest ethical dilemmas social workers are faced with trying to find the line between the professional role and the empathetic role a social worker plays. This being said, as a social worker it is important to distance the client, but also to build trust. It takes time to learn the boundaries and how to avoid crossing them.This is just one of the biggest challenges social workers have to overcome in their fi eld. Reference Page Barnett J, Lazarus A, Vasquez M, Moorehead-Slaughter O, Johnson W (2007) Boundary Issues and Multiple Relationships Fantasy and Reality passkey Psychology Research and Practice, 38 (4) 401-410 doi 10. 1037/0735-7028. 38. 4. 401 Herlihy, B and Corey G. (1992) Dual Relationships in advise. Alexandria, VA American Association for Counseling Development Reamer, G. F. PhD (2011, October 13). Eye on Ethics Social Work Today, retrieved from http//www. socialworktoday. om/news/eoe_101311. shtml Smith, D. and Fitzpatrick, M. (1995) Patent-Therapist Boundary Issues An Integrative Review of Theory and Research, Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 26 (5), 499-506 doi 10. 1037/0735-7028. 26. 5. 499 Syme, G (2003) Dual Relationships in Counseling and Psychotherapy Exploring the Limits, London Sage Publications Zur, O and American Psychological Association (2007) Boundaries in Psychotherapy Ethical and Clinical Explorations. Washington, DC American Psychological A ssociation http//www. socialworkers. org/pubs/code/code. asp

Final Exam Acc/291

- 1) The Sarbanes-Oxley telephone number requires that all publicly traded companies maintain a system of internal controls. Internal controls buns be defined as a plan to A. safeguard assets B. monitor balance sheets C. control liabilities D. evaluate capital cable-taking - 2) The purchase of treasury stock A. decreases common stock authorized B. decreases common stock issued C. decreases common stock outstanding D. has no effect on common stock outstanding - ) fenland Company has other operating expenses of $240,000. There has been an increase in pre pay expenses of $16,000 during the year, and accrued liabilities be $24,000 lower than in the prior period. Using the direct rule of reporting capital flows from operating activities, what were Marshs cash payments for operating expenses? A. $228,000 B. $232,000 C. $200,000 D. $280,000 - 4) Where would the event purchased land for cash appear, if at all, on the indirect statement of cash flows? A. Operating activities sectionB. invest activities section C. Financing activities section D. Does not represent a cash flow - 5) In performing a vertical analysis, the base for address of goods sell is A. total selling expenses B. net sales C. total revenues D. total expense - 6) Blanco, Inc. has the following income statement (in millions) BLANCO, INC. Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2011 Net sales $200 Cost of Goods Sold 20 Gross Profit 80 Operating Expenses 44 Net Income $ 36 Using vertical analysis, what percentage is charge to Net Income? A. 100% B. 82% C. 18% D. 25% - 7) Dawson Company issued 500 sh ars of no-par common stock for $4,500. Which of the following journal entries would be made if the stock has a stated value of $2 per share? A. Cash .. $4,500 Common Stock 4,500 B.Feature Article Fin 486 Final ExamCash $4,500 Common Stock 1,000 Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par 3,500 C. Cash . $4,500 Common Stock 1,000 Paid-In Capital in Excess of Stated take account 3,500 D. Common Sto ck .. $4,500 Cash 4,500 - 8) Andrews, Inc. paid $45,000 to demoralise back 9,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock. This stock was sold later at a selling price of $6 per share. The entry to disk the sale includes a A. credit to Paid-In Capital fromTreasury Stock for $9,000 B. creditto Retained kale for $9,000 C. debit to Pain-In Capital from Treasury Stock for $45,000 D. debit to Retained Earnings for $45,000 - 9) Which of the following is a fundamental factor in having an effective, ethical corpo browse culture? A. Efficientoversight by the orders Board of Directors B. workplace ethics C. Code of conduct D. Ethics management programs - 10) Two individuals at a retail store work the same cash register. You evaluate this touch as A. violation of establishment of responsibility B. a violation of segregation of duties C. supporting the establishment of responsibility D. supporting internal independent verification - 11) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposed which new penalty for e xecutives? A. Fines B. Suspension C. Criminal prosecution for executives D. Return of ill-gotten gains - 12) Hahn Company uses the percentage of sales mode for recording bad debts expense. For the year, cash sales are $300,000 and credit sales are $1,200,000.Management estimates that 1% is the sales percentage to use. What adjusting entry will Hahn Company make to record the bad debts expense? A. Bad Debts Expense . . $15,000 Allowances for DoubtfulAccounts . . $15,000 B. Bad Debts Expense . . $12,000 Allowances for Doubtful Accounts . . $12,000 C. Bad Debts Expense . . $12,000 Accounts Receivable . . .. $12,000 D. Bad Debts Expense . . 15,000 Accounts Receivable . . .. $15,000 - 13) Using the percentage of receivables method for recording bad debts expense, estimated uncollectible accounts are $15,000. If the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $3,000 credit before adjustment, what is the amount of bad debts expense for that period? A. $15,000 B. $12,000 C. $18,000 D . $8,000 - 14) Intangible assets A. should be reported under the heading Property, Plant, and Equipment B. hould be reported as a separate classification on the balance sheet C. should be reported as Current Assets on the balance sheet D. are not reported on the balance sheet because they lack physical substance - 15) Intangible assets are the rights and privileges that result from ownership of long-lived assets that A. must be generated internally B. are depletable natural resources C. do not watch physical substance D. have been exchanged at a gain - 16) The book value of an asset is tinge to theA. assets market value less its historiccost B. blue book value relied on by secondary markets C. replacement cost of the asset D. assets cost less accumulated dispraise - 17) Gains on an exchange of plant assets that has commercial substance are A. deducted from thecostof the new asset acquired B. deferred C. not possible D. recognized immediately - 18) Ordinary repairs are expenditure s to maintain the operating efficiency of a plant asset and are referred to as A. capital expendituresB. expense expenditures C. improvements D. revenue expenditures - 19) When an interest-bearing note matures, the balance in the Notes Payable account is A. less than the total amount repaid by the borrower B. the difference between the maturity value of the note and the face value of the note C. equal to the total amount repaid by the owner D. greater than the total amount repaid by the owner - 20) The interest charged on a $200,000 note payable, at a rate of 6%, on a 2-month note would be A. 12,000 B. $6,000 C. $3,000 D. $2,000 - 21) Costs incurred to increase the operating efficiency or useful life of a plant asset are referred to as A. capital expenditures B. expense expenditures C. ordinary repairs D. revenue expenditures - 22) If a corporation issued $3,000,000 in bonds which pay 10% annual interest, what is the annual net cash cost of this borrowing if the income tax rate is 30%? A. $3,000,000 B. $90,000 C. $300,000 D. $210,000 - 3) Hilton Company issued a four-year interest-bearing note payable for $300,000 on January 1, 2011. Each January the companion is required to pay $75,000 on the note. How will this note be reported on the December 31, 2012 balance sheet? A. semipermanentdebt, $300,000. B. Long-term debt, $225,000. C. Long-term debt, $150,000 Long-term debt due within one year, $75,000. D. Long-term debt, $225,000 Long-term debt due within one year, $75,000. - 24) A corporation issued $600,000, 10%, 5-year bonds on January 1, 2011 for 648,666, which reflects an effective-interest rate of 8%.Interest is paid semiannually on January 1 and July 1. If the corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium, the amount of bond interest expense to be recognized on July 1, 2011, is A. $30,000 B. $24,000 C. $32,434 D. $25,946 - 25) When the effective-interest method of bond discount amortization is used A. the applicableinter est rateused to compute interest expense is the prevailing market interest rate on the date of each interest payment date B. the carrying value of the bonds will decrease each period C. nterest expense will not be a constant dollar amount over the life of the bond D. interest paid to bondholders will be a function of the effective-interest rate on the date the bonds were issued - 26) If a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as A. classless stock B. preferred stock C. solitary stock D. common stock - 27) Capital stock to which the charter has appoint a value per share is called A. par value stock B. no-par value stock C. stated value stockD. assigned value stock - 28) ABC, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. What is the annual dividend on the preferred stock? A. $50 per share B. $5,000 in total C. $500 in total D. $. 50 per share - 29) Manner, I nc. has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 20,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011.There were no dividends declared in 2010. The board of directors declares and pays a $45,000 dividend in 2011. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2011? A. $0 B. $25,000 C. $45,000 D. $20,000 - 30) When the selling price of treasury stock is greater than its cost, the company credits the difference to A. Gain on Sale of Treasury Stock B. Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock C. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value D. Treasury Stock

Patrick Henry Speech

Patrick Henry, a devoted patriot and wise man fulfilled a position in the Virginia convention. After the Intolerable Acts imposed by King George on the colonies, Americans suffered an unfair rule, where Great Britain took control. In 1775 Patrick Henry introduced a resolution to the Virginia Convention to form the local militia to be prep ared to fight down the British. In order to gain approvals from his collies, Henry employs rhetorical aggregations hex help him urge his purpose and take the lead with the use of an urgent tone witch induces his audience to support his line of reasoning towards war.Patrick Henry begins his speech by stating an ethical orison with the statement Mr. President No man thinks more than highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities of the very worthy gentlemen. But contrasting men often see the same subject in different lights. At this juncture, Patrick Henry defends his position as a patriot he uses the word light to introduce the idea that light represents uprightness and spiritual illumination. By doing this, he is aligning his view of the need to fight with Gods purpose.Also one can conclude that Henry is confident of what he is presenting on this day, he takes the advantage of his abilities and knows that fighting war is the way of life that leads to liberty. Continuing his speech Henry makes use of another ethical appeal, he declares It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country by the use of this words Henry creates an appeal of authority, to the authority of God and appeal that proves his position that shows him as a Christian.By this he attempts to transmit that what he says is that fighting for freedom is Gods truth and that it is a responsibility to both God and country. After establishing and ethical appeal, he uses mythical allusion, which he literary compares how the British are aspect things to the colonists wh ich are shiny false hopes, listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts (Henry), and by this use of words at the same time Henry creates an emotional appeal because he transmit fear, meaning that the colonies are going to be under British rule forever.Henry Changes subject and creates an emotional precis, he imparts by saying Are we disposed to be of the number of those who having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, the things which so some concern their temporal salvation. (Henry). By using the words nearly and concern Henry strives to create in the colonists an emotion of fear, because he knows that colonists goal is reaching heaven. In addition Henry uses a Biblical allusion to support this statement this comes from Ezekiel 122 which says that those who cant see and cant hear the truth about God forget lose their spiritual salvation (Bible & God).Furthermore Henry constructs a Biblical allusion I have but one lamp by which by feet are guided, and th at is the lamp of experience (Henry). Symbolically speaking he uses the choice of words like experience a lamp, he says is that that experience or light will show the way for the future, just like the book of account which says that Gods word is a lamp unto thy feet and a light unto thy path (Bible). But also this is an ethical appeal because it shows him as a spiritual mortal and a true believer. Henry continues using many ethical appeals throughout his speech.Articulating his word choice, Henry utters Is it that insidious smile with which out petition has been lately receive? (Henry). He says that the colonists petition have been met with an insidious smile. The use of the words insidious smile creates an ethical appeal because it implies that the British are fooling the colonists into believing that they will act on these petitions in a positive manner, but it is really only a trap to keep them under their rule. Henry presents rhetorical questions to make his audience and cr eate fearful thought for them to start acting.He is forcing the colonists to think about their arguments and through the declarative sentences, he refuses their arguments immediately. Henry gives evidence in his inductive argument as he cites the actions which the colonists have taken to get the British to respond to some of their demands which also creates a logical appeal. Henry presents his evidence in a series of parallel independent clauses. With the parallel structures he indicates that all actions are equally important. Henry prolongs verbalizing his speech with the opposing argument that the colonists are worn with the use of an ethical appeal.He pronounces, But when shall we be stronger? (Henry). Yet again he creates an emotional appeal through his description of the outcome of waiting until they are stronger such as asking if they will be stronger. Carrying on Henry declares when a British guard shall be stationed in every house. He creates a terrifying flick in figura tively comparing their waiting and hoping for someone. He keep on continuing with rhetorical questions like Lying supinely on their backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope until their enemies have bound their hand and foot? (Henry).At this time again, he metaphorically refers to hope as not being real phantom but an image of slavery is extended here as he refers to the colonists being bound hand and foot which is a metaphor for their lack of freedom under British rule. Henry once again makes his point of ethical appeal and also emotional comparing British rule with death by saying, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death (Henry). Henry uses a parallel structure in an emphasized sentence to show that liberty is equally as valuable and desirable as death which is destructive and undesirable but also still keeps his image as a loyal patriot.By paralleling them in a balanced sentence, he says that the outcome will be one or the other and there can be no compromise. He c ompletes his topic here of comparing slavery, lack of freedom because of British rule with death. Patrick Henry operates down his speech of crop by successfully and compellingly articulated his support for war with great Britain through well organized arguments and affective use of simile, personification, logical reasoning, rhetorical questioning and more important emotional appeal. He concludes that the colonies need freedom, and request back their independence from Britain.

A Report on Training & Development Department of Spl

Chapter -1 Introduction 1. 0 Introduction Squargon Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is the leading pharmaceutical telephoner in Bangladesh. It has been running its billet of ab come out fifty two years and leading the pharmaceutical indus get wind since 1985. Research points to the importance of estimable recruitment systems in the ecesiss. The 1980s brought d deliversizing, organizations were becoming too effective for their numbers of employees employed by them. Most problems concerning Human resources commence when cooking and enlargement & recruitment and selection be not handled properly.Resignations, low motivation, poor mathematical summons may be due to incorrect procedures in the training and development exploit or in recruitment & selection. Training & discipline enables for the majuscule unwashed to enhance their skills, keep them updated with recent changes. substantial offer both on-the-job and off-the- job at both theoretical and hardheaded training opportunities thr ough a celestial orbit of Local, Regional and International Training programs that include both functional and managerial levels on the basis of Training contend Assessment.Training Need summary (TNA) is conducted by section Heads and Human Resource plane section jointly on the basis of job analysis. The article also discusses the importance of good recruitment at technical & managerial levels & the implications that ar encountered as a result of ad hoc recruitment process. Recruitment is responsibility of every manager in the organization. 1. 2 Origin of the Report Now a day, Education is not just limited to books and classr oom. From education the theoretical knowledge is obtained from course of study, which is only the one-half focussing of the subject matter Practical knowledge has no alternative.The perfect coordination between theory and practice is of paramount importance in the context of the sophisticated business world now days. Therefore an opportunity is offered by Stamford University Bangladesh, for the potential business graduates to get tierce month practical experience, which is known as Internship design. To complete of the internship program, the author of the study was placed in a Company namely, neat Pharmaceuticals Ltd (SPL), for the period of three months starting from Jun 19, 2011 to September 19, 2011.Internship program brings a bookman closer to the real life situation and thereby helpers to launch a c beer with some prior experience. This project was assigned by the organizational supervisory program Ms. Tania Sultana, Executive in HR of Squ are Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and was approved by the Faculty supervisor Mr. Md. Mohiuddin, Professor, Department of oversight Studies, University of Dhaka. 1. 3 Significance of the Report The main causality of this study is to become familiar with the realistic business world to attain practical knowledge about the Pharmaceutical related business in the somatic world.We all(a) know tha t there is no alternative of practical knowledge which is to a greater extent beneficial than theoretical aspects. 1. 4 Objectives of the Report The primary reason of piece of writing this report is to fulfill the internship requirement of BBA program. The prime objective of the study get out be to evaluate the recruitment and selection and procedure of foursquare Pharmaceutical Ltd. To hurry achieve the prime objective this study aims at attaining the following SPL operational objectives * To get a clear and practical knowledge about the business of SPL. To learn the perspective of creating and presenting the new idea. * To fulfill the requirement of the BBA degree. * To get practical idea about organizational environment. * To introduce the new situation, new environment. * How management is analyzing pull in and planning for people? 1. 5 Selection of the Topic The topic selected for the study was chosen by me and approved by Dr. Shahid Uddin Ahmed. Chapter-2 Company Backgro und 2. 0 Organization story SQUARE instantly symbolizes a name a state of mind. But its journey to the harvest-time and prosperity has been no bed of roses.From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , the flagship company, is holding the strong lead position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a mellow performance global player. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals express is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991.The sales turnover of SPL was more than Taka 11. 46 one thousand million (US$ 163. 71 million) with about 16. 43% market share (April 2009- March 2010) having a growth rate of about 16. 72%. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited has extended her range of services towards the highway of global market. She pioneered exports of medicines from Bangladesh in 1987 and has been exporting antibiotics and otherwise pharmaceutical products. This extension in business and services has manifested the credibility of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited. 2. 1 milestone of SPL * Year of Establishment 1958. * Incorporate as a general Limited Company 1964. Technical Collaboration Agreement with Jansen Pharmaceuticals of Belgium. A subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson International Limited 1975. * Technical collaboration Agreement with F. Hoffman La Roche & Company Limited 1984. Converted into Public Limited Company 1991. * Stock exchange listing (D & C) 1995. * Agreement with M/S. Bevis tandem Limited of UK for implementation of Dhaka Plant 1996. Awarded ISO- 9001 Certificate -1998. * Business Lines- Manufacturing & Marketing of Pharmaceuticals finished product, Basic Chemicals & Agro vet products. 2. 2 Vision of the SPLSquare view business as a means to the material & social wellbeing of the investors, employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization. 2. 3 Mission of the SPL Square mission is to produce and provide Quality and innovative healthcare relief for people, verify stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the Shareholders, Stakeholders and the society at large. Business Slogan Square Pharmaceuticals Limited always upholds the dictum Dedicated to advanced technology. The Corporate Slogan Square Group of industries has a common corporate Slogan which is Jibon Bachatey, Jibon Sajatey. Corporate focalize Square vision, mission and Square objectives are to emphasize on the quality of product, process and services leading to growth of the company imbibed with good governance practices. 2. 4 Goals of the SPL Develop a realistic deposit mobilization plan. Strengthen operation in dome stic to increase market share and profitability to offer more value to the shareholders offer contract manufacturing facility.Manufacture and market time demanded and international standard pharmaceutical in domestic and export market. Association with global research base pharmaceutical company for marketing or manufacturing their products. 2. 5 Objective of the SPL Squares objectives are to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism within the legal and social frame work with aims to attain the mission reflected by the companys vision. * Total Commitment to the require of customers. * To follow the highest ethical standards. * Continuous improvement of all work process. Permanent improvement of all the employees Knowledge and Skills. * Securing the Quality of Products to match the Quality of Service. * Preserving the companys leading positioning the national market of Pharmaceuticals industry. 2. 6 Corporate Governance Top centering Board of Directors As p er provisions of the Article of Association, Board of Directors holds episodic meetings to resolve issue of policies and strategies, recording minutes/decisions for implementation by the Executive Management. 2. 6. 1 Executive ManagementThe Executive Management is headed by the Managing Director, the Chief Executive officeholder (CEO) who has been delegated necessary and adequate authority by the Board of Directors. The Executive Management operates through further delegations of authority at every echelon of the line management. The Executive Management is responsible for preparation of segment plans/sub- segment plans for every profit centers with budgetary targets for every item of goods & services and is held accountable for deficiencies with appreciation for exceptional performance.These operations are carried out by the Executive Management through series of committees, sub-committees, adhock committees, standing committees assisting the line management. 2. 7 SQUARE Quality Policy Ensure strict reward with WHO CGMP standards and local regulatory norms in every variant of sourcing & procuring quality materials, manufacturing, quality assurance and delivery of medicines. Ensure all activities through documented Quality Management System (QMS) complying International Standard requirements of ISO 9001 through continuously developing Human Resources by regular training and participation.SQUARE is committed to undertake purloin review, valuation and performance measurement of processes, business activities and Quality Management System for continual improvement to batten highest standard, customer satisfaction, developing human resources and companys growth. Business should support and respect the safeguard of internationally proclaimed human rights with in their sphere of influence. Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Business should uphold the freedom of railroad tie and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor. The effective abolition of child labor. Elimination discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Business should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges. Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility. Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Business should work against corruption in all its forms, including exportation and bribery. 2. 8 Business Performance over the Last Few Decades 1958 Debut of Square Pharma as a Partnership Firm. * 1964 Converted into a Private Limited Company. * 1974 Technical Collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutical, Belgium, a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson International, USA. * 1982 Licensing Agreement signed with F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Switzerland. * 1985 Achieved initiatory position in the Pharmaceutical Market of Bangladesh among all national and multinational companies. * 1987 Pioneer in pharmaceutical export from Bangladesh. * 1991 Converted in to a Public Limited Company. 1994 Initial Public Offering of Square Pharmaceutical Shares. * 1995 Chemical Division of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. starts production of pharmaceutical bulk products (API). * 1997 Won the National exportation trophy for exporting pharmaceuticals. * 1998 Agro-chemicals Veterinary Products Division of Square Pharma starts its operation. * 2001 US FDA/UK MCA standard new Pharmaceutical factory goes into operation built under the inspection of Bovis Lend Lease, UK. * 2004 Signing of agreement with ROVIPHARM, Vietnam to manufacture and market Square products under license in Vietnam. 2004 Secured the top position for the best published accounts and report for 2003 in the manufacturing category for transparency and excellence in corporate reporting. * 2005 New State-of- the-Art Square Cephalosporins Ltd. goes into operation built under the supervision of TELSTAR S. A. of Spain as per US FDA/ UK MHRA requirements. * 2007 Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Dhaka Unit gets the UK MHRA approval. 2. 9 Organ Gram of SPL HRD Chapter-3 Training ripening Activities Undertaken in Human Resource Department of SPL 3. Human Resource Practices surround SQUARE, with its progressive business outlook, believes and practices corporate work culture with a classic blend of efficiency and equity. SQUARE believes in company growth by change magnitude efficiency level of employees and for that offering excellent environment and support for skill and knowledge up gradation. SQUARE values productivity as the spontaneous voice of Human Resources. Strategic Human Resource Development Programs are the energy sources for SQUARE HR for running towards the zenith of success .Flow of clear and specific information and defense of queries play the vital role to ensure the market reputation of SQUARE as the most trusted and transparent company and it enriches the motivation level of HR who are the r eal contributors and owners of his/her own jobs. At SQUARE, HRD symbolizes the unique blending of professionalism as well as sharing the stress and success equally like a family where every member has deep concern, feelings and pride for their own company SQUARE.HR ensures the strong supporting role to develop implement HR policy guidelines for ensuring uninterrupted operation and spontaneous participation to achieve organizational objective as well as fulfillment of employee consumes. HR is maintaining an effective way to deal with labor magnetic north and still no unrest has been recorded as dispute Personnel working here are taking care of SQUARE as it is their own family Training development One major function of Human Resource Department is Training and Development .It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviors to enhance the performance of employees. * Optimum Utilization o f Human Resources DT helps in optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employees to achieve the organizational goals as well as their several(prenominal) goals. * Productivity-The department organizes training that helps in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the organization further to achieve its long-term goal. Development of skills of employees- finished training and development it helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an overall personality of the employees Team character Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within the employees. * Organization Climate The HRD help build the corroboratory perception and feeling about the organization since the joining of an employee through organizing orientation programs.We also ensu re this climate persists and employees get these feelings from leaders, subordinates, and peers. * Organization Culture Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and military capability. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization. * Quality Through training and development we help in improv9ing upon the quality of work and work-life. * Health work environment Training and Development helps in creating the healthy worki8ng environment . It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual goals aligns with organizational goal. Health Safety Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety of the organization thus preventing obsolescence. * Image DT try to create a better corporate image through arranging internship and in plant training for the students of different universities. * Employee Development DT helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display. 3. 2 Training and Employee Development in Square SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Training Development enables the people to enhance their skills, keep them updated with recent changes. SQUARE offer both on-the-job and off-the- job at both theoretical and practical training opportunities through a range of Local, Regional and International Training programs that include both functional and managerial levels on the basis of Training Need Assessment. Training Need Analysis (TNA) is conducted by Department Heads and Human Resource Department jointly on the basis of job analysis. 3. 2. 1 Management Development TrainingRound the year, management development training is organise for managers executives at our Corporate Headquarters, Dhaka Unit Pabna Unit. Square had own and renowned resource persons from home abroad conduct the training sessions. We also get by our employees to renowned local training institutes for spe cialized training. 3. 2. 2 Overseas Training Square send their employee to abroad for training program depending on availability of becharm topics. Technical persons of our factories attend the Factory Assessment Test (FAT) in various parts of the world for smooth operation of equipments. 3. . 3 Field Forces Training Development for each one year, a significant number of Field Forces complete their induction training program and joined to their respective markets and appear at examination in every month for further development. 3. 2. 4 Field Forces Refresher Course For updating product knowledge and selling skills of field forces, Refresher Course is organized in four different regions in every month. 3. 2. 5 Territory Manager Training Twice in every year, mid-level managers of sales participate in the training program titled sales Territory Management at a regular basis. 3. 3 Purpose of TrainingIn today market place, its apt(p) that everyone want increased efficiency, better p erformance a bigger piece of the pie. Yet virtually everyones finding this more and more difficult to achieve. whitethorn be sheer number of competitors has increased. Perhaps growing price pressure is impacting, or the technology ageing. So, unless the product or service is the only one of its kind, we are looking for an edge, an advantage something special from the major competition. And training is one of the strongest toll through which a specialty can be created. Good training lessens foiling and boredom between supervisor and workers.It contributes to improved human relations and raises morale. The improvement in skills increases productivity and lessens turnover. Employees that the organization needs their support are less credibly to leave the firm for another position. Through training organization help make employees more loyal to the company. Training also helps ambitious employees forge leading in their own careers. On the other hand, Better product increases customer satisfaction lead to repeat business and large sales. When we develop employees potential these things are vastly related.Training is a leadership activity, which prepares individuals for their own future opportunities. 3. 4 SPL Employee Training Training can involve the changing of employees knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior. It is therefore necessary to ascertain the appropriate requirements of each job in terms of these four factors. Training needs can generally be classified as either individual or radical needs. Individual needs may relate to orientation (induction) training, initial (basic) training, remedial training (to correct perceived faults), refresher training (such as in company policy, safety, fire drill) or personal development.Group needs, on the other hand, refer to the need for a number of employees to change their behavior collectively. Examples include team building exercises designed to increase group cohesion or group co-ordination. In addition, types of training needs can be grouped into the following two categories antiphonal Identify of existing weaknesses and reacting to remedy them. Proactive Preparation of employees to handle anticipated future changes both within and outside the organization. This is a longer-term approach, more oriented towards development. 3. 7 Training Needs AnalysisA Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is a review of learning and development requirements for staff, volunteers and trustees within in your organization. It considers the skills, knowledge and behaviors that you or your staff need, and how to develop them effectively. Techniques for Determining Specific Training Needs There are a number of practical methods which can use to gather data about employees performance. Each works well in given circumstances therefore, we must determine which the best is for employee. None of these methods can stand alone. Always use at least two, if for no other reason to validate your findings.One of those we choos e should always be observation. 3. 2 Training Methods Training is a key part of business growth and change. To help ensure that dollars are well spent, a company must choose their training programs wisely. When managing any training process, we recommend that company leaders work closely with functional department heads and Human Resources personnel in following a systematic approach to training. A good system will help attack training problems using a rifle approach, rather than a shotgun approach. The following are five generic steps or phases in the model that we as trainers simply call A.D. D. I. E. Follow these steps to build your training program, and you will increase your chances of assembling an effective program. 3. 3 Analyze Analyzing the need, or performing aneeds assessment,is crucial in identifying the information that must be addressed in the program. This is where SPL ask the question,What do we want our employees to get out of the program? A great way to complete th is phase is to perform a gap analysis by comparing current results to the desired performance. some other way to perform this phase is to treat team members as stakeholders in the process, much like it treats customers.Get their help by asking for specifications for the training. After all, they know where they need help particularly when it comes to delivering a better product or dealing with customers. This analysis is also useful in creating metrics that will help your organization gauge the effectiveness of the training. This phase is where training program objectives begin to take shape. 3. 4 Design Design phase is where we link the needs assessment to the echt creation of new curriculum or the arrangement of existing curricula. This is where we assemble information tied to each program objective.From the needs analysis, we draw the blueprints of the training, based on the customer specifications. Remember, in this context, the customers that we are speaking of are your team members. If we design the training based on their needs, we get a better product. This is also the phase where we begin to think about the operational considerations of the program. Ask the question How is the delivery of the program going to influence my business operations? The answer to this question will force functional managers to make decisions about how they will change operations in the interim to support the program. . 5 Develop Materials This includes items like, references, info packs, case studies, movies, games, and other visual aids. Remember to keep the information organized and easy to use by both the facilitator and the attendeesconfusing programs will sabotage your program. This is also a great time to ensure that feedback from previous sessions is included. Make sure that the programs are up to datespice things up by revamping statistical data, and finding new stories to tell. If the attendees are bored, they will not stay engaged with the facilitator.If attendee s are disengaged, they will absorb less knowledge. Keep them engaged with activities such as trivia questions, interactive exercises, and group discussions. 3. 6 Implementation Time for Class This is when the training actually takes place. Here are a few things to think about * Practice * Feedback forms * Management/leadership observations and interactions * Facilities management, including room arrangement and equipment * Classroom rules and expectations, including safety and evacuation procedures 3. 7 Evaluate All system outputs are a direct reflection of inputs, processes, and adjustments.The training process is no different. If the outputs of the program are less than desired, then changes to the program may be necessary. Companies should establish a systematic evaluation process to enhance the effectiveness of the training. We feel that the evaluation of the program should occur in two phases 1) straight off after the program, and 2) some period laterfor instance 6 months. The evaluation performed immediately after the program serves to correct urgent training issues such as incorrect data. This is also the time to concentrate on instructor techniques.The later evaluation determines whether the training enhanced employee and/or company performance. Chapter-4 Conclusion 4. 1 Conclusion Square is now the leading Pharmaceutical Company of Bangladesh and becoming a high performance global player in the field. From its formation to the present day, it has been successful in its endeavors. It provides quality medication and strictly follows all regulations. In Bangladesh over three thousand of people are working here. The medicine of Square is famous in Bangladesh as well as in foreign countries. HR Department of Square is playing a vital role as a corporate strategy maker.Growth of the company depends on hiring, developing, retaining skilled and motivating employees. HR Department is continuously hiring skilled people from wide market and thus provides traini ngs to cope with global challenges. Through various HR activities and training programs they retain talents in the organization, ensure career path for performers to perform more efficiently and effectively to contribute more and more. The Training and Development section of Square Pharmaceutical is always assay to ensure the best training programs for employees at the right time, right place.With the latest facilitated training resources they ensure the most effective training sessions for all level of employees. Square Pharmaceuticals Limited practices a progressive recruitment and selection procedures. HR officers of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited are now expected to work beyond the boundaries of contracts and policies to contribute flat to the operation and success of the Human Resources Department. 4. 2 Appendix LIST OF ABBREVIATION 1. PMD- Product Management Department. 2. AM Area Manager. 3. FS- Field Supervisor. 4. TR- Tour Program. 5. DCR- Daily ejaculate Report 6.DSE- Dhaka Stock Exchange. 7. SPL- Square Pharmaceuticals Limited. 8. MRA- Market Research Assistant. 9. MPO- Medical Promotion Officer. 10. SMPO- Senior Medical Promotion Officer. 11. MG- Manager. 12. GM- General Manager. 13. PPO- Product Promotion Officer. 14. SDO- Sales Development Officer. 15. SSDO- Senior Sales Development Officer. 16. TNA- Training Need Analysis. 17. SPO- Sales Promotion Officer. 18. SSPO- Senior Sales Promotion Officer. 19. TM- Territory Manager. 20. MP- Market Promoter. 21. FM- Field Manager. 4. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY * Annual report (2010-2011), Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.Written Edited by Accounts Finance Department of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. * Raymond A. Noe, John R. Hollenbeck, Last Published 2011, Human Resource Management, 10th edition, newspaper Irwin/ McGraw-Hill, Boston, Massachusetts. * Dessler Gary, last published 2011, Human Resource Management, 9th edition, Publisher Prentice hall, New Jersey. * French L. Wendell, last published 2011, Human Resource M anagement, 9th edition, Publisher Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. * SQUARE library Reports, Maintained by General Service Department. * www. squaregroup. com,2004, SQUARE Informatix Ltd.

A Day in the Life of Project Manager

A Day in the Life of a Project Manager 1. How effectively do you think Rachel fatigued her day? Project is a complex, non-routine, one time effort that is limited by time, bud live on, resources and performance specifications and its implemented to extend to the customer requirements. The following activities performed by Rachel be take in related a. Review show reports and prepare for the weekly status meeting 25 hour b. act in the progress review meeting 45 arcminute c. Reviewing project assignments 30 min d. Listening to team mates 20 min e.Discussing the bother with John 30 min f. Exploring and getting the necessary equipments for the project 30 min g. Exchanging information about technical requirements 60 min h. Discussion with bloody shame (marketing animal trainer), where she agreed to talk to her team members 40 min i. Reviewing the impact the clients requests could have on project schedule 30 min j. Reviewing emails and project documents 30 min A few th ings are ordinary daily work that requires doing the same work repetitively. Time spent on these routine activities a. Reviewing her schedule 15 min . Discussing the project with her boss 20 min c. Updating boss on the key events of the day 20 min Time spent on non-project activities a. Socializing and catching up on personal news 10 min b. Getting to her office and settling in 10 min c. Project status meeting delayed 15 min d. Gossiping with Edie 30 min e. Everyone getting on conference call and checking emails 15 min f. Waiting in Marys office 10 min g. Going home 30 min Her efficiency would be calculated as- Total spend time Efficiency = Direct project related work * 100 = 340/515 * 100 = 66. 02%She has an efficiency of 66. 02% on the project. She is an efficient project theater director to some extent. She has spent only 23. 3% of her time on non project activities. 2. What does the case tell you about what it is like to be a project manager? A project manager provide s direction, coordination and integration to the project team * Solve out the problems and direct the team members for the solution. * Discuss with the team members whenever there is an issue and get their ideas involved in the project * Keep regular project status meetings, small discussions to coordinate and integrate.This will provide all the team members an insight on how the project is progressing Involved in organization planning * Good relationship with managers, team members and other individuals. * Coordinating with the boss and updating him/her on daily tasks * Maintains large integration with other managers when solving an issue, e. g. integration with senior marketing manager Improving the projects success rate with better leadership * star courageously * Influencing others * Act with resilienceManaging the overall schedule to ensure work is assigned and completed on time and within budget * She has been helping Victoria on her project as it was behind the projected ti me Project Managers have a huge responsibility and authority over a project, it involves identifying, tracking, managing and resolving project issues * She attended a meeting in order to fix a project issue and tried to fix them * Also she found that several clients are requesting features that are not on the project, and she conveyed to her team members that she will get on this issue right away Communication skills One good example is where Rachel goes and talks to the purchasing agent assigned to her project on getting necessary equipments to the project site earlier than planned. * She also walks down to the marketing managers office to clarify on the problem they came up with.

English Composition Phase 4 Essay

The examine is formatted on a paper which is 8. 5 x 11 inches in size (Driscoll, 2007). The margin on top, bottom, left, and right is set to one inch (Driscoll, 2007). It should have a title page which consists of the following a running head for return, title, byline, as rise as, affiliation (Driscoll, 2007). The page numbers are written in the upper right-hand corner of each page (Driscoll, 2007). Abstracts, headings, and visuals should be made available as surface (Driscoll, 2007).Components of an APA PaperThe following are the components of an APA paper 1) name of author 2) date of publication 3) title and 4) publication information (Minnesota initiate of Business, 2006). With regards to that name of the author, the last name is written first followed by a comma and the initials of the first and middle name (if middle name is provided), but if the work has no author indicated in it, place the title instead and then the date, and if authors indicated are more than three, sta te the first authors name and followed by this et. l. (Minnesota School of Business, 2006). Moreover, with regards to the date of publication, specify the year however, if there is no date indicated, just now place n. d. (Minnesota School of Business, 2006). Furthermore, with regards to the title, just write it as is whether it is a book, journal, or a magazine (Minnesota School of Business, 2006).Finally, with regards to the publication information if the reference is a book, then the place of publication, as well as, the publisher should be included if it is a periodical then include the place of publication, the publisher, the volume number, the issue number, as well as, the pages and if it is a website then indicate the website address (Minnesota School of Business, 2006).

Criminal Justices Ethics Essay

A few months ago, a woman was brutally raped, beaten and leftfield for dead. Since the attack she remains in a coma. This case has risen to national prominence as an face of how todays youth no longer respects fundamental social values, television and goggle box game violence has desensitized young men to the consequences of crimes such as assault and rape, and as a presentment of the inability of the police to keep the streets safe for law-abiding citizens. My partner and I work in the nefarious justice system as police officers and handle most of the homicide cases in our area. The publicity from this crime has lay our police incision under pressure to send someone to trial for this crime immediately.A inner circle of young men were spotted in the areas where the victim was found assaulting and threatening people that were passing by. both members of the gang were arrested. The two members are both male and 14 years of age that both soak up previous records of robbery and assault. Our obligation as police officers is to copy the policy and ethical standards of our police department and the law, which states, minors must be informed of their court-ordered right to present their parents present during the interrogation and to affair videotape during important interviews.However, my partner has pushed his ethical obligation aside and interviews both of the minors while deciding non to contact their parents or tape the interrogation. When I confront him rough the policys that did not take place he tells me not to worry about it that both minors are guilt-ridden as sin and we cannister close the case. His actions are unethical and dont not follow the policy of prosecuting the guilty, respecting the rights of the accused, and creating a safe community. Ethics is crucial in decisions involving discretion, force, and due process, because criminal justice professionals can be tempted to abuse their powers (Felkins, 1987). I report this to my superviso r only for him to tell me to trust my partner and go to trial.Both suspects are arrested and bound for trial. Bail is denied. I do not feel good about proceeding with this. The organizational culture represented by my supervisor gives the answer to my partners behavior. The supervisor plays a large-mouthed role in defining organizational culture by his actions and leadership. Both my supervisor and my partner have decided to use moral relativism which is the ethical premise that decisions about right and wrong are strictly personal and subjective and according to it, whatever anyone claims to be morally acceptable is morally acceptable, at least for that person.They have not thought about the consequences of their actions and how they may be beneficial or harmful from the result. In order to do so one must analyze the issues and make judgments by studying the elaborate of the case, identifying the relevant criteria, determining possible course of action, and deciding which action is most ethical. I will ask to detach myself from the case. I cannot afford to lose my job by not following the legal or ethical standards. Laws have penalties when cases are violated and these penalties can be very severe if you violate legal norms. I believe that both my partner and supervisor have violated legal norms as wholesome as ethical standards.ReferencesFelkenes, G. (1987). Ethics in the Graduate Criminal Justice Curriculum. Teaching Philosophy 10(1) 2326.Ruggiero, V. R. (2008). Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues (Seventh ed.). New York, NY, USA McGraw-Hill.

Global and regional environmental Essay

peck across the globe be being affected by ball-shaped and regional environmental changes. The drastic environmental problems such ozone layer depletion and climate change be as a result of oer consumption, unsustainable life styles and unhealthy patterns of development (Harris, 47). Environmental problems argon likely to hit the marginalized and the poor first often with drastic consequences but latter they will also affect the privileged. Un little these environmental problems are curbed they are jeopardise to showcase havoc to the life support systems and the ecosystems.This will therefore lead to an immense and unprecedented crisis for the in all humanity. To achieve sustainable development and the health of the environment it requires drastic changes in the current global grade and formulation of the election ways of thinking. Within environmental movements there are huge wealth of experiences, ideas and visions of what an alternative environmental sustainable and mo untain oriented societies can look like. Environmental destruction has always been bankrupt of the human history (Harris, 48).Throughout time the problems of the environment stupefy been important factors affecting the health of people both at regional and global level. The tweet on the environment has increased enormously as a result of changing scales of the human society increases and development of the technology. This problem is fuelled by the runaway global economic systems which view created over consumption (unprecedented affluence) and enormous level of poverty.The environmental problems now threaten to cause irreversible harm to the ecosystems and increase inequalities on a global scale (Pickering & Owen, 117). Some of the environmental problems are immediate local problems whose their causes can be realisen and their solutions be identified. On the different hand other environmental problems are incredibly complex and they are often complex to handle. Such environme ntal problems view much uncertainty and affect the whole globe and are the result of combined human behavior.These problems are maintained and embedded on the societal structures (Harris, 50). Some critics argue that environmental problems are as a result of the present day existence growth especially in the terzetto humans countries and born(p) resources depletion in the racyly industrialized countries (Harris, 50). Alarmist argue that the explosive population growth in little veritable countries and overontogenesis of the non renewable resources by the highly industrialized countries are combining to produce sets of condition which can non be sustained in the long-run by our finite orb.The population problems of trinity world countries constitute an thwarter to social economic development and can pose a threat to depletion of natural resources. However comparatively low crude population densities in many third world countries with exception of some a couple of(prenomin al) areas they do not produce population pressure on the natural resources (Harris, 52). Most of the third worlds countries arrive at an even population distribution and few urban centers are becoming overcrowded.High rates of population growth in third world countries is as a result of high and constant impressiveness that have possibilities of reducing mortality due to the improved health facilities. Because of high proportion of children and high patterns of fertility rate heavy dependence burden is produced within the populations in most third world countries. The heavy dependence implies large expenditures of provision of employment and education for the growing population (Pickering & Owen, 134).Most bureaucrats, economists and political leaders in third world countries especially in Africa argue that third world countries in Africa have overabundant resources which have not yet been tapped. They also argue that large area in Africa have not been inhabited and therefore th e political question that population growth put pressure on the control natural resources should not be taken seriously (Harris, 53). There is need for the political leaders, economist and bureaucrats to know the prospect of the third world countries in terms of the resources base that can absorb the population problems of the third world countries (Harris, 54).In comparison to other industrialized countries for pillow slip Europe nations the grease under close in third world African countries is three times high per capita, the livestock per capita is two times higher, the grazing land per each unit of livestock is a bout seven times higher while the mineral resources out put of third worlds countries in Africa constitute one tenth of the mineral output of the whole world (Harris, 54).The primary energy resources of the third world countries are enormous which are comprised of natural gas and petroleum product coal and hydro power for example 32 percent of world hydro power w hich can be exploited, 12 percent of reserves of uranium and 60 percent of thorium reserves are found in Africa third world countries. Despite the abundant resources of the third world countries most countries in Africa are under developed (Harris, 57). It would be a weak argument to apprize that the high population growth in the third world countries is the root cause of their underdevelopment.However the high population growth of the third world countries is an important factor that impedes development. The rapid population growth constitutes pressure on the arable land. Several million hectares of land are being degraded in third world countries (Pickering & Owen, 204). The degradation of land can be linked to population pressure and poverty, values and positioning of people weak tenure systems and land management and drought which often results in over exploitation of the natural resources such as the trees used for fuel wood, overgrazing deforestation and unsustainable agricu ltural activities.Degradation has decreased land productivity, increased desertification and causes loss of arable land in most third world countries (Pickering & Owen, 206). As a result of degradation in the third world countries there is less food than can be produced in degraded lands and also the availability of biomass is greatly reduced. Land degradation also makes the ecosystems to be less resilient and increases chances of malnutrition and susceptibility of diseases in the local populations.Third world countries like china, Ethiopia, Brazil, Nepal, India and most African countries have caused much of environmental degradation. In recent time the respective government has began to introduce policies to minimize the ample environmental degradation that their countries are facing (Pickering & Owen, 213). The environmental policies have been developed soon after institution of and applying pressure by several activist groups in the field of environment.Initially before the act ivist groups utilize pressure the governments in the third world countries did not see any needs to develop environmental policies. Environmental degradation is only the problem of the third world countries and most often thirds world countries have make do with what they owns and usually they compete with large populations (Pickering & Owen, 208). Once a natural resource for example water is degraded it become of little use to the people.On the other hand western or industrialized countries have a higher standard of living than third world countries or less developed countries. In developed countries the communities have attack to electricity, clean water, housing, employment, refrigeration, clothing, food, heating, hospital, schools, medicines, machinery, manufacturing, communication and road thus in the process they consume much of the resources (Pickering & Owen, 209).The communities of the third world poor countries do not have glide path to these things and they rely on wha t they can hunt, gather or grow. People in the third world countries contract other things if they have surplus produce to sell and therefore are disadvantaged to gain access to power supply, telecommunication, railways and roads thus becomes difficult to access the few schools hospitals etc and therefore third world countries are not degrading the environment as much as the developed nations (Pickering & Owen, 210).